Solar energy is currently the most important renewable energy source in India, with an installed capacity of 46.8GW. According to the Mercom India Solar Project Tracking Report, the Central Electricity Authority of India (CEA) and the Ministry of New Energy and Renewable Energy (MNRE), solar energy has surpassed large hydropower. As of October 31, 2021, the installed capacity of large-scale hydropower in India is 46.51GW. As of October 31, 2021, India's total installed capacity is 390.17GW. Among them, renewable energy including large-scale hydropower is about 149GW, accounting for 38.2% of the total installed capacity of India. Solar energy accounts for 12% of all types of installed capacity and 31.47% of renewable energy installed capacity. Large hydropower accounts for 11.9% of the total installed capacity. Solar installed capacity surpassed wind energy at the beginning of this year. Wind power, biomass power generation and small hydropower accounted for 10.2%, 2.7% and 1.2% of the total installed capacity respectively. Coal continues to lead, with an installed capacity of 202.41GW, accounting for 51.9% of the country's total installed capacity. Solar and hydropower expectations At the beginning of 2019, the Ministry of Electricity of India decided to include large-scale hydropower projects above 25MW into the category of renewable energy. At that time, the cumulative installed capacity of hydropower was 45.4GW, accounting for 12.9% of India's total installed capacity. As of October 31, 2021, the cumulative capacity has risen to 46.5GW, accounting for 11.9% of the total installed capacity. In order to achieve the 30GW hydropower target from 2029 to 2030, in February 2021, the Ministry of Electricity of India notified states that they must meet specific renewable energy procurement obligations (RPO) targets. Large-scale hydropower projects put into operation after March 8, 2019 also include Inside. NHPC Co., Ltd. is one of the largest hydropower companies in India, owning 15% of hydropower installed projects (6971MW out of 46512MW). NHPC is also actively seeking to build solar power projects. The company expects to put into operation the 800MW project in the 2022-23 fiscal year and the 2500MW project in the 2023-24 fiscal year. According to CEA, India may add 493MW of hydropower in the 2021-22 fiscal year; in the 2022-23 fiscal year, it will add 1,580MW of hydropower. According to Mercom's "Quarterly Solar Market Update Report", the new solar capacity in the 2021 calendar year is expected to be about 8-9GW, and it will exceed 13GW in 2022.

1. Sunlight shines on the semiconductor pn junction to form a new hole-electron pair. Under the action of the pn junction electric field, holes flow from the n-zone to the p-zone, and electrons from the p-zone to the n-zone, which are formed after the circuit is turned on Current. This is the working principle of photovoltaic effect solar cells. 2. Solar power generation methods -There are two methods of solar power generation, one is the light-heat-electric conversion method, and the other is the light-electric direct conversion method: ①The light-heat-electric conversion method uses solar radiation to generate electricity. Generally, a solar collector converts the absorbed heat into vapor of the working fluid, and then drives a steam turbine to generate electricity. The former process is a light-heat conversion process; the latter process is a heat-electric conversion process. ② The light-electricity direct conversion method uses the photoelectric effect to directly convert solar radiation energy into electrical energy. The basic device of the light-electricity conversion is the solar cell.1. Solar panel (also called solar cell module) The assembly of multiple solar cells is the core part of the solar power system and the most important part of the solar power system. 2. Features and advantages of solar panels: ①High conversion rate, high efficiency output; ②Excellent low light effect; ③Unique technology makes the components beautiful, strong and wind-resistant, and easy to install; ④Solar panels have a wide range of applications and many fields; ⑤Save resources, save electricity and energy, simple operation;

A research team at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) has developed a method for manufacturing ultra-high-efficiency solar cells using semiconductor nanowire materials. If used in traditional silicon-based solar cells, this method is expected to double the efficiency of today's silicon solar cells at low cost. The research paper was published in the journal ACS Photonics of the American Chemical Society. The main developer of the new technology and NTNU PhD student Anjan Mukherjee said that their new method is very effective, using gallium arsenide materials and nanostructures, so only a small part of the commonly used materials can be used to improve solar energy. The efficiency of the battery. Due to its extraordinary light absorption and electrical properties, gallium arsenide has become the best material for manufacturing high-efficiency solar cells, and is usually used to manufacture space solar panels. However, the manufacturing cost of high-quality gallium arsenide solar cell modules is quite high. In recent years, people have realized that compared with standard planar solar cells, nanowire structures can potentially increase the efficiency of solar cells while using fewer materials. NTNU researcher Haig Wieman said that the team found a new way to make ultra-high-power solar cells that are more than 10 times more efficient than any other solar cell by using gallium arsenide in the nanowire structure. Gallium arsenide solar cells are usually grown on thick and expensive gallium arsenide substrates, and there is little room for cost reduction. The new method uses a vertically standing semiconductor nanowire array structure to grow nanowires on a cheap silicon platform. Professor Wiman explained that the most cost-effective and efficient solution is to grow dual tandem cells, where the top gallium arsenide nanowire cell is grown on the bottom silicon cell, thus avoiding the use of expensive gallium arsenide substrates. Researchers use molecular beam epitaxy to grow nanowires. Through appropriate investment and industrial-scale research and development, this technology can directly achieve cost-effectiveness. The researchers said that the integration of the product on silicon cells can increase the efficiency of solar cells to 40%, which means that compared with today's commercial silicon solar cells, the efficiency has doubled. Using new methods to adjust the growth of nanowires on different substrates may also open the door to many other applications. The researchers said that they are exploring the growth of this type of lightweight nanowire structure on atomic-scale two-dimensional substrates such as graphene. Self-powered drones, micro-satellites, and other wide-ranging space applications will all have great potential.